Question about Ranking System...

Okay, how many points would each of the Top 10 have if you calculated ONLY their tournament points- not quality points, not bonus points, JUST what round they finished in and how many points they had- would this be the Race?

Also, can somebody explain to me in shortened and clear terms what Quality and Bonus Points are? And how much of an effect they have on the Rankings?

Quality points are based on the ranking of the player one's beaten. Only players ranked in top 500 are worth quality points. #1 player is worth 100 points, #2 75 points, #3 66 points and so on. At a Slam, the quality points are doubled, so beating #1 is worth 200 points.
Go to WtaTour site, you have it explained in total there. Also check the rankings, there's a total number of quality points for each player, just subtract it from the total number of points and you get the picture.

http://www.wtatour.com/global/includes/TrackIt.asp?file=/global/Pdfs/rankings/howitworks.pdf

http://www.wtatour.com/rankings/singles_numeric.asp